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JOINT DEMAND: Demand for two or more commodities that are either complements-in-consumption or complements-in-production. Joint demand results because two or more commodities are used together either to satisfy wants and needs or to produce goods and services. Because the commodities are used jointly, the demand for one good is necessarily based on the use and availability of another good. If, for example, you enjoy milk and brownies as complements-in-consumption, but the bakery is out of brownies, then your demand for milk is also likely to decline.
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                           CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE: A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in the same proportional change in production. Constant returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by 10 percent, and output also increases by 10 percent. This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Constant returns to scale results if long run production changes are greater than proportional changes in all inputs used by a firm.Suppose, for example, that The Wacky Willy Company employs 1,000 workers in a 5,000 square foot factory to produce 1 million Stuffed Amigos (those cute and cuddly armadillos, tarantulas, and scorpions) each month. Constant returns to scale exists if the scale of operation expands to 2,000 workers in a 10,000 square foot factory (a doubling of the inputs) and production increases to exactly 2 million Stuffed Amigos. The anticipated pattern for most production activities is that increasing returns to scale emerge for relatively small levels of production, which is then following by constant returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. Returns to scale are the flip side of economies and diseconomies of scale. Although economies and diseconomies of scale focus on changes in average cost, returns to scale focus on production. One way to view constant returns to scale is the quantity of production or the range or production in which the forces underlying increasing returns to scale exactly balance the forces underlying decreasing returns to scale.
Recommended Citation:CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: May 1, 2024].
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet trying to buy either software that won't crash your computer or any book written by Stephan King. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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The 22.6% decline in stock prices on October 19, 1987 was larger than the infamous 12.8% decline on October 29, 1929.
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"It is part of the American character to consider nothing as desperate. " -- President Thomas Jefferson
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LF
Labor Force, Laissez-Faire
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